Soft credit
Soft credit is who gets the credit for having gotten this donation. Every contribution should be able to have soft credit assigned with the possibility of dividing credit among two or more people. This would usually be done by taking the specific dollar amount and splitting it up, but it means there needs to be somethiing like relationship data for each contribution.
Matching Gifts
This is tricky because there are both contact and contribution dimensions.
Some contacts have matching gifts and this may be time limited, as they may change jobs or affiliations (not all matching gifts come from jobs, sometimes family foundations match for example) So to start that is a relationship, which can be added to the contact record and should probably be one of the preset relationships.
Being in a matching gift program does not mean all contributions will be matched. Usually it is just tax deductible gifts and even there sometimes it is only for a straight donation, not the tax deductible portions of a benefit ticket etc.
Credit for the matching gift goes to the matcher.As with soft credits, Somehow, the two contribution records (not just the contact records) need to be linked,
The development office needs to check to make sure that all eligible gifts from a donor in a matching program actually are matched. (So there needs to be a check box for if a match has been received)
Pledges
A pledge is a promise of a future donation. THey are often divided over several years. They are different than a repeating donation, because they are accounted for in a different way in audits and reports. So, when someone makes a pledge we need to be able to enter the total pledge, a pledge schedule (how much is pledged for which dates), to be able to record when payments are madeand to be able to easily figure out who to send reminders to at specific points and who is behind on meeting their pledges.
These three are really core functions for npo fundraising even for relatively small nonprofits.

4 Comments
Hide/Show CommentsFeb 18, 2006
Donald A. Lobo
Elin:
Would it be possible for you to expand this document into a feature set for CiviCRM to function as an effective donor management system. Once we have a starting page we can ask other community members to flush out more details etc
Feb 19, 2006
Elin Waring
Sure, I'll give it a try.
Sep 21, 2006
David Geilhufe
started a civicrm as donor management page here:
http://wiki.civicrm.org/confluence/display/CRM/Using+CiviCRM+as+a+Donor+Database
Nov 12, 2008
Ian Macdonald
In the near term, I need to implement some sort of soft credits functionality for a client. The sort of thing I'm thinking of is the most basic usage case: There is a contribution of $20 that came from Jack, but I want to track that Jill is the fundraiser that raised the money. So, when I view Jack's contributions listing, I want to see a $20 'hard credit' and when I view the contributions page for Jill I want to see a $20 'soft credit'.
I am willing to work on development of this feature if appropriate.